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The "Roots" of the Matter

The number one cause of tree decline and death in urban areas is root loss. Trees depend on their roots for stability, absorption of water and nutrients and the storage of food reserves. For these reasons it is easy to see why the health and vigor of trees depend so greatly on the health of their sensitive root systems.

Unfortunately, the importance, and extreme sensitivity of tree root systems is all too often overlooked during home construction and other work occurring in the vicinity of trees. Many people fail to realize that tree root systems are extensive, often times extending from the trunk to a distance of more than twice that of the tree's height. Without proper planning and consideration, even minor work that takes place over a tree's roots can cause enough damage to kill the tree. Since a tree whose roots have been damaged may take years to die, many times homeowners don't make the connection between a past project and the decline of their favorite tree.

Fortunately, by adhering to the following recommendations, you can greatly reduce the likelihood that trees on your property will suffer excessive root damage during home or yard improvement projects:

1. Avoid soil compaction within tree rooting zones. Tree roots need water and oxygen to function properly. The existence of pore space (areas not occupied by solid material) within the soil makes it possible for roots to obtain the water and oxygen they need. Disturbances as minimal as foot traffic will compact the soil and reduce valuable pore space. Large disturbances such as machinery traffic and storage of heavy materials and debris will compact soils enough to make root function impossible.

2. Avoid grade changes within tree rooting zones. The most important roots for providing nutrients and water to the tree (feeder roots) exist in the top 4 to 6 inches of soil. When soil grade is decreased, not only is the nutrient rich top soil removed, but a tree's valuable feeder roots are destroyed. When existing grades are increased, by the addition of soil, roots are unable to obtain oxygen, and the added weight compacts the soil, making it impossible for roots to survive. It is important to remember that adding or removing as little as 2 to 3 inches of soil can kill a mature tree.

3. Avoid cutting roots. When tree roots are cut, the ability of the tree to obtain and store nutrients and water can be greatly reduced. In addition, cutting tree roots can also leave the trees unstable and vulnerable to decay, making them potentially hazardous.

4. Seek the advice of a Certified Arborist. Given the shallow and extensive nature of roots systems, there is a strong likelihood that just about any work on your property will adversely affect tree roots. An experienced arborist will be able to suggest ways to minimize tree root damage during your improvement projects.

If you have any questions about protecting tree roots or any other forestry related concerns, contact Tony Gliot, the Village Forester, at 847-883-8600.